In my effort to upgrade our servers to openSuSE12.3, I have yet again encountered a problem that required a lot of time to debug and track down. This has plagued me and frosted my tootsies before... I often copy data (whole directory trees) that is required for various servers from an older OS into the realm of the new OS that I am upgrading to. For example, the MySQL databases, the Apache and Tomcat web site data, James mail data, etc. In the process user and group ID's from the old version of files can "change" because the underlying integer value - UID/GID - for these IDs is different for the two different OS versions. This in turn can lead to hard to debug security problems. It seems to me that when installing a new version of openSuSE, there ought to be a way to import the /etc/passwd and /etc/group files from an older OS into the new OS BEFORE anything gets actually installed. In that way, the underlying integer UID/GID could be kept consistent and not lead to problems that can/will result if/when a particular user/group identifier changes in value. If there is a way to do this, I was unable to find it in the documentation or via Google, so pointers will be much appreciated. Or perhaps, is there a tool that can merge and update a system, and all its files, from one set of /etc/passwd and /etc/group files into another set? Again, I am not able to find a tool that does it.... I know that I can use YaST to change the UID/GID for each user or group ID individually, and it seems to work OK, but gets tedious. Hoping there a better way? Marc... -- "The Truth is out there" - Spooky -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org To contact the owner, e-mail: opensuse+owner@opensuse.org