Hello folks, (I hope this is the right list; if not: apologies, and where would this belong more? users@? support@? Somewhere else?) I have Tumbleweed installed on a pair of desktops: the first since February 2018, and the second since April 2021. I let the former gather dust since setting up the latter until a couple of weeks ago; I figured that dist-upgrading this "old" setup was the responsible thing to do after waking it up (openSUSE-release 20210621 → 20220122). The upgrade itself went smoothly, but now I'm facing a problem that I have experienced quite often with this first desktop (though not with the second desktop yet): 'btrfs filesystem usage /' says that… *something* is close to bursting, and I suspect that the next 1GB+ dist-upgrade will have me scrambling again for disk space, and confused about snapshot management. First, what I think I understand (see footnotes for the commands I use to come to these conclusions): * I have about 20GB's worth of actual data in the /… subvolume? partition?, estimated by weighing /usr.[1] * The / subvolume is 40GB, and has almost no free space left.[2] * My recent upgrade left me with a 15GB snapshot that *I think* is responsible for / being so full?[3] Onto my questions, ordered from "pressing & down-to-earth" to "mostly of academic interest": (1) At this stage, how would a Competent Sysadmin™ proceed? Given that (a) this is not the first time I've struggled with this, (b) I've (tried to) read up on btrfs and snapper, but evidently I couldn't digest that info into actionable maintenance protocols, I figure there are some fundamental concepts that haven't made their way to my brain yet; I'd be very grateful if someone could nudge me toward the path to Enlightenment. (2) Is this 2018 setup still salvageable, or should I reinstall? I try to follow factory@lists.opensuse.org and project@lists.opensuse.org, so I know that Tumbleweed underwent some Big Changes between February 2018 and April 2021; I assume that reinstalling should nonetheless not be necessary, and I just messed something up? (3) What does this huge snapshot represent? The dates in snapper list make me think that it's a diff between the first installation (2018-02-20) and the last upgrade (2022-01-24), in which case, yup, of course the diff would be huge. Empirically though deleting this huge snapshot just moves all the gigabytes into snapshot 1 (that's what I remember happening the last time I tried to reclaim disk space), which I cannot delete. Is there a way to tell snapper to just forget about 2018 and use the last upgrade as the oldest point of reference? (4) There are some differences between the two desktop setups I don't understand. For one, 'btrfs filesystem usage /' reports very different device sizes: on the first setup it's 40GB; on the second setup it's roughly 440GB.[4] This is surprising to me, since both disks have similar total sizes (about 500GB).[5] Also, the subvolume setup seems different?[6] Not sure why the older setup has /tmp listed, since findmnt /tmp tells me it's a tmpfs; why is it still on btrfs's radar? Also, why does the newer setup have entries for /root and /home, and not the older one? Thank you if you've made it this far; I realize that this is a lot of open-ended questions. I tried to do my research, but it seems that the more I dig the less I understand. FWIW: I very much try to let Tumbleweed do its thing without interfering: I pick the default partitioning & subvolume settings when installing, I don't interact with zypper beside "install" and "dist-upgrade", and were it not for these snapshot snags I would have no reason to research snapper nor btrfs (beside idle curiosity, of course). I'm reaching out solely because dist-upgrade sometimes fails due to lack of space… and I wonder what I'm doing wrong :/ Again, thank you for your time. And thanks for Tumbleweed in general! Lest this wall of text give the wrong impression: the distro provides as smooth an experience as any I've had on Linux. [1] On the older desktop: # du -hs /usr --exclude /usr/local 19G /usr [2] On the older desktop: # btrfs filesystem usage / Overall: Device size: 40.00GiB Device allocated: 39.38GiB Device unallocated: 640.00MiB Device missing: 0.00B Used: 37.47GiB Free (estimated): 1.82GiB (min: 1.50GiB) Free (statfs, df): 1.82GiB Data ratio: 1.00 Metadata ratio: 2.00 Global reserve: 100.05MiB (used: 0.00B) Multiple profiles: no Data,single: Size:36.31GiB, Used:35.12GiB (96.71%) /dev/sda2 36.31GiB Metadata,DUP: Size:1.50GiB, Used:1.18GiB (78.48%) /dev/sda2 3.00GiB System,DUP: Size:32.00MiB, Used:16.00KiB (0.05%) /dev/sda2 64.00MiB Unallocated: /dev/sda2 640.00MiB [3] On the older desktop: # snapper --iso \ list --columns number,type,date,used-space,cleanup,description # | Type | Date | Used Space | Cleanup | Description ---+--------+---------------------+------------+---------+---------------------- 0 | single | | | | current 1* | single | 2018-02-20 20:13:41 | 237.26 MiB | | first root filesystem 2 | pre | 2022-01-24 07:39:54 | 15.98 GiB | number | zypp(zypper) 3 | post | 2022-01-24 12:58:38 | 12.64 MiB | number | 4 | pre | 2022-01-24 13:46:28 | 960.00 KiB | number | zypp(zypper) 5 | post | 2022-01-24 13:49:01 | 73.57 MiB | number | [4] On the newer desktop: # btrfs filesystem usage / | head Overall: Device size: 444.63GiB Device allocated: 282.05GiB Device unallocated: 162.58GiB Device missing: 0.00B Used: 272.94GiB Free (estimated): 170.77GiB (min: 170.77GiB) Free (statfs, df): 170.77GiB Data ratio: 1.00 Metadata ratio: 1.00 [5] On the older desktop: # parted -l Model: ATA ST500DM002-1BD14 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 9437kB 8389kB bios_grub 2 9437kB 43.0GB 42.9GB btrfs legacy_boot 3 43.0GB 492GB 449GB xfs 4 492GB 500GB 8310MB linux-swap(v1) swap On the newer desktop: # parted -l Model: ATA LDLC F7+480GB (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 480GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 538MB 537MB fat32 boot, esp 2 538MB 478GB 477GB btrfs 3 478GB 480GB 2148MB linux-swap(v1) swap [6] On the older desktop: # btrfs subvolume list / | grep -v snapshots/ ID 257 gen 622718 top level 5 path @ ID 258 gen 638632 top level 257 path @/var ID 259 gen 637339 top level 257 path @/usr/local ID 260 gen 622718 top level 257 path @/tmp ID 261 gen 637339 top level 257 path @/srv ID 262 gen 637339 top level 257 path @/opt ID 263 gen 629216 top level 257 path @/boot/grub2/x86_64-efi ID 264 gen 637331 top level 257 path @/boot/grub2/i386-pc ID 265 gen 637331 top level 257 path @/.snapshots ID 269 gen 637339 top level 258 path @/var/lib/machines On the newer desktop: # btrfs subvolume list / | grep -v -e snapshots/ -e docker ID 256 gen 31 top level 5 path @ ID 257 gen 285669 top level 256 path @/var ID 258 gen 285613 top level 256 path @/usr/local ID 259 gen 281519 top level 256 path @/srv ID 260 gen 285554 top level 256 path @/root ID 261 gen 281519 top level 256 path @/opt ID 262 gen 285671 top level 256 path @/home ID 263 gen 281519 top level 256 path @/boot/grub2/x86_64-efi ID 264 gen 281519 top level 256 path @/boot/grub2/i386-pc ID 265 gen 285470 top level 256 path @/.snapshots