[opensuse] Why other Boot Options
Can somebody shed some light on the new options that are now in my boot menu? I have the normal such as: OpenSuse 10.2 OpenSuse Fail-Safe 10.2 but now I have two other options which read: Opensuse 10.2 (XEN) Kernel-2.6.18.2-34-bigsmp What are these new options and where did they come from? Thanks guys Chris OH THanks Ken for that update fix!! it worked great! -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Chris C wrote:
You must have updated your kernel. I believe this is done by a post install script as part of the update. -- Joe Morris Registered Linux user 231871 running openSUSE 10.2 x86_64 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Thanks Joe. Which one should be used. It's defaulting to the "kernel-2.6.18.2-34-bigsmp" option...but the others are still there...should the "boot" file be updated to delete the other options not being used? So what if I boot to the normal "OpenSuse 10.2"...I'm using a different Kernel? If this is an update, why is the older boot options (like OpenSuse 10.2 (XEN) still available? Weird...no? Chris On Wed, 2007-03-07 at 07:34 +0800, Joe Morris (NTM) wrote:
-- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Chris C wrote:
I would suggest leaving it as is.
So what if I boot to the normal "OpenSuse 10.2"...I'm using a different Kernel?
Not any more, you updated your kernel. It would run the same kernel. It just uses the symlinks vmlinuz and initrd, the other uses the versioned versions.
If this is an update, why is the older boot options (like OpenSuse 10.2 (XEN) still available?
It is just added to the end of what was there. I assume it is easier and safer to script that, it messes less with a perhaps complicated, customized menu.lst
Weird...no?
Not when understood. -- Joe Morris Registered Linux user 231871 running openSUSE 10.2 x86_64 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
This is the Xen Kernel, only needed if one wants to use virtualization. What have you done between the old menu appearance and the new one? Could it be that you've selected Xen in a pattern or wanted to try out Virtualization?
Kernel-2.6.18.2-34-bigsmp
Hmm. The bigsmp kernel is used for i386 architectures with more than 4GB of RAM. What system do you use, 32bit or 64bit - thus i386 or x86_64? Some people are confused by the differences between the SMP and BIGSMP kernels included in SUSE Linux, and which one to use for their system. A quick look at the build configuration for both kernels shows several differences, but the most significant involves the supported amount of RAM and number of CPUs. The SMP kernel contains the following parameters: CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=32 ==> Thus allowing a maximum of 4G RAM and 32 processors. The BIGSMP kernel, however, has these: CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=128 Enabling support for 64G memory and 128 processors. ==> If a system has either more than 4G RAM or more than 32 processors, the BIGSMP kernel must be used to fully utilize the system.
What are these new options and where did they come from?
I can't tell you where they exactly came from, but maybe you can. What is the last thing you've done before you've first seen this (changed) menu?
Greetings -- Alex
Alex, Hello, Please forgive me...but I don't understand what you mean. Although I would reallly like to know. I'm assuming the files that your looking for are log files? On this fourm, how should I post it...as an attachment or inline with this message? Where are you guys getting all this great information from. I have a couple of 1000 page book on SuSE Linux...but I haven't gotten to this stuff yet! Thanks Alex, Chris On Wed, 2007-03-07 at 09:25 +0100, Alexander Osthof wrote:
-- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Chris C wrote:
$ su - Then provide the root password. You're now root. Do what admin task you need to carry out (such as "cat /boot/grub/menu.lst" or something). Then type Ctrl-D to exit your root session. Your back in your own shell. HTH Cheers. Bye. Ph. A. -- *Philippe Andersson* Unix System Administrator IBA Particle Therapy | Tel: +32-10-475.983 Fax: +32-10-487.707 eMail: pan@iba-group.com <http://www.iba-worldwide.com> The contents of this e-mail message and any attachments are intended solely for the recipient (s) named above. This communication is intended to be and to remain confidential and may be protected by intellectual property rights. Any use of the information contained herein (including but not limited to, total or partial reproduction, communication or distribution of any form) by persons other than the designated recipient(s) is prohibited. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and delete this e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free. Ion Beam Applications does not accept liability for any such errors. Thank you for your cooperation.
Hi again, as Philippe already said, the output of the command "cat /boot/grub/menu.lst" is what I like to see. Just mark it and paste it inline in your next mail. BTW, it's the correct way that the file menu.lst has root permissions, so someone who maybe doesn't exactly know, what he is doing, can't change it easily. Thus he need root permission, and once you are root, you are expected to know what you are doing. ;) Erm, do you know under which circumstances this 2 new kernel entries have appeared? Greetings, -- Alex
Chris C wrote:
You must have updated your kernel. I believe this is done by a post install script as part of the update. -- Joe Morris Registered Linux user 231871 running openSUSE 10.2 x86_64 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Thanks Joe. Which one should be used. It's defaulting to the "kernel-2.6.18.2-34-bigsmp" option...but the others are still there...should the "boot" file be updated to delete the other options not being used? So what if I boot to the normal "OpenSuse 10.2"...I'm using a different Kernel? If this is an update, why is the older boot options (like OpenSuse 10.2 (XEN) still available? Weird...no? Chris On Wed, 2007-03-07 at 07:34 +0800, Joe Morris (NTM) wrote:
-- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Chris C wrote:
I would suggest leaving it as is.
So what if I boot to the normal "OpenSuse 10.2"...I'm using a different Kernel?
Not any more, you updated your kernel. It would run the same kernel. It just uses the symlinks vmlinuz and initrd, the other uses the versioned versions.
If this is an update, why is the older boot options (like OpenSuse 10.2 (XEN) still available?
It is just added to the end of what was there. I assume it is easier and safer to script that, it messes less with a perhaps complicated, customized menu.lst
Weird...no?
Not when understood. -- Joe Morris Registered Linux user 231871 running openSUSE 10.2 x86_64 -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
This is the Xen Kernel, only needed if one wants to use virtualization. What have you done between the old menu appearance and the new one? Could it be that you've selected Xen in a pattern or wanted to try out Virtualization?
Kernel-2.6.18.2-34-bigsmp
Hmm. The bigsmp kernel is used for i386 architectures with more than 4GB of RAM. What system do you use, 32bit or 64bit - thus i386 or x86_64? Some people are confused by the differences between the SMP and BIGSMP kernels included in SUSE Linux, and which one to use for their system. A quick look at the build configuration for both kernels shows several differences, but the most significant involves the supported amount of RAM and number of CPUs. The SMP kernel contains the following parameters: CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=32 ==> Thus allowing a maximum of 4G RAM and 32 processors. The BIGSMP kernel, however, has these: CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G=y CONFIG_NR_CPUS=128 Enabling support for 64G memory and 128 processors. ==> If a system has either more than 4G RAM or more than 32 processors, the BIGSMP kernel must be used to fully utilize the system.
What are these new options and where did they come from?
I can't tell you where they exactly came from, but maybe you can. What is the last thing you've done before you've first seen this (changed) menu?
Greetings -- Alex
Alex, Hello, Please forgive me...but I don't understand what you mean. Although I would reallly like to know. I'm assuming the files that your looking for are log files? On this fourm, how should I post it...as an attachment or inline with this message? Where are you guys getting all this great information from. I have a couple of 1000 page book on SuSE Linux...but I haven't gotten to this stuff yet! Thanks Alex, Chris On Wed, 2007-03-07 at 09:25 +0100, Alexander Osthof wrote:
-- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org For additional commands, e-mail: opensuse+help@opensuse.org
Chris C wrote:
$ su - Then provide the root password. You're now root. Do what admin task you need to carry out (such as "cat /boot/grub/menu.lst" or something). Then type Ctrl-D to exit your root session. Your back in your own shell. HTH Cheers. Bye. Ph. A. -- *Philippe Andersson* Unix System Administrator IBA Particle Therapy | Tel: +32-10-475.983 Fax: +32-10-487.707 eMail: pan@iba-group.com <http://www.iba-worldwide.com> The contents of this e-mail message and any attachments are intended solely for the recipient (s) named above. This communication is intended to be and to remain confidential and may be protected by intellectual property rights. Any use of the information contained herein (including but not limited to, total or partial reproduction, communication or distribution of any form) by persons other than the designated recipient(s) is prohibited. Please notify the sender immediately by e-mail if you have received this e-mail by mistake and delete this e-mail from your system. E-mail transmission cannot be guaranteed to be secure or error-free. Ion Beam Applications does not accept liability for any such errors. Thank you for your cooperation.
Hi again, as Philippe already said, the output of the command "cat /boot/grub/menu.lst" is what I like to see. Just mark it and paste it inline in your next mail. BTW, it's the correct way that the file menu.lst has root permissions, so someone who maybe doesn't exactly know, what he is doing, can't change it easily. Thus he need root permission, and once you are root, you are expected to know what you are doing. ;) Erm, do you know under which circumstances this 2 new kernel entries have appeared? Greetings, -- Alex
participants (5)
-
Alexander Osthof -
Chris C -
JB -
Joe Morris (NTM) -
Philippe Andersson