On Tue, 13 Jun 2017 12:23:57 -0400, Felix Miata wrote:
Istvan Gabor composed on 2017-06-13 15:14 (UTC+0200): .
I have to identical partitions I formatted with the same tool. I copied everything from one partition to the other still the file system usage is different. Why? . rsync -a /mnt1/ /mnt2 . Interestingly the file systems usage is not the same for the two partitions (part7 is mnt1, part8 is mnt2): . df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on . /dev/sdc7 28G 6.1G 21G 24% /mnt1 /dev/sdc8 28G 6.7G 20G 26% /mnt2 . Why is this difference? . man rsync tells you: -a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X) ... -H, --hard-links preserve hard links
My reading is unless you preserve hard links, you get at least two separate files on the target for each hard linked file on the source. So if you really want a clone, either clone, or use rsync -aHAX.
I compared rsync -a and rsync -aHAX. I have two pieces of identical hard drives. I formatted on both the first primary partiton (same size) to ext3 using mkfs -t ext3. These are the partitions: sfdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 298.1 GiB, 320068705792 bytes, 625134191 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x1e951881 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 * 2048 104859647 104857600 50G 83 Linux sfdisk -l /dev/sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 298.1 GiB, 320068705792 bytes, 625134191 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x1e951881 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sdb1 * 2048 104859647 104857600 50G 83 Linux That is the disks and the partition look identical. I mount /dev/sda1 to /mnt1 (read only) and /dev/sdb1 to /mnt2. /dev/sdb2 had a freshly formatted file system. I deleted lost+found from /mnt2 the rsynced everything from mnt1 to mnt2: # rsync -aHAX /mnt1/ /mnt2/ After it I get: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 50G 44G 3.5G 93% /mnt1 /dev/sdb1 50G 43G 3.7G 93% /mnt2 # df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 51475068 45240120 3613508 93% /mnt1 /dev/sdb1 51475068 45034476 3819152 93% /mnt2 There is difference in used and free space. It is ~200 MBs if I calculate correctly. ?? tune2fs gives: # tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 tune2fs 1.42.11 (09-Jul-2014) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: /mnt1 Filesystem UUID: 1fe642de-fba4-4e71-804d-a49678ee8f4a Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype sparse_super large_file Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 3276800 Block count: 13107200 Reserved block count: 655360 Free blocks: 1558737 Free inodes: 3260644 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 1020 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 Filesystem created: Sat Jun 3 12:36:03 2017 Last mount time: Tue Jun 13 17:02:22 2017 Last write time: Tue Jun 13 17:16:04 2017 Mount count: 9 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Sat Jun 3 12:36:03 2017 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Lifetime writes: 25 GB Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: 20f34777-5a2a-4f37-8066-b3304b2a25bf Journal backup: inode blocks # tune2fs -l /dev/sdb1 tune2fs 1.42.11 (09-Jul-2014) Filesystem volume name: <none> Last mounted on: /mnt2 Filesystem UUID: 690c6d35-44ab-4d4f-b8b1-565221582a8b Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53 Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic) Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super large_file Filesystem flags: signed_directory_hash Default mount options: user_xattr acl Filesystem state: clean Errors behavior: Continue Filesystem OS type: Linux Inode count: 3276800 Block count: 13107200 Reserved block count: 655360 Free blocks: 12855468 Free inodes: 3276789 First block: 0 Block size: 4096 Fragment size: 4096 Reserved GDT blocks: 1020 Blocks per group: 32768 Fragments per group: 32768 Inodes per group: 8192 Inode blocks per group: 512 Filesystem created: Wed Jun 14 18:28:40 2017 Last mount time: Wed Jun 14 18:29:11 2017 Last write time: Wed Jun 14 18:29:11 2017 Mount count: 1 Maximum mount count: -1 Last checked: Wed Jun 14 18:28:40 2017 Check interval: 0 (<none>) Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root) Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root) First inode: 11 Inode size: 256 Required extra isize: 28 Desired extra isize: 28 Journal inode: 8 Default directory hash: half_md4 Directory Hash Seed: c2043247-ca58-45a4-affc-52c1dc46b664 Journal backup: inode blocks Istvan -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org To contact the owner, e-mail: opensuse+owner@opensuse.org