Istvan Gabor composed on 2020-11-03 21:31 (UTC+0100):
1. Why does cfdisk insert these unused spaces between partitions?
I have no idea. In never use cfdisk (or parted, or fdisk, or gdisk, or gparted) to write anything. I only ever use DFSee for partition writes since around the beginning of the century.
2. If I used parted and aligned the extended partitions right after each other (like the primary partitions) would it cause any problem?
I never have any problem from not having gaps. The only gaps I ever have are intended freespace, wasted end of disk space, and the standard 1MiB at the front of "aligned" disks. The following is the exact partitioning I have in place in multiple PCs: <html> <head> </head> <body> <pre style="font: small monospace"># excerpts of log from DFSee OS version : Linux 4.12.14 (x86_64) openSUSE Leap 15.1 Current user : root on ara88 using TERM=linux 1 Phys 1 /dev/sda Model=SPCCSolidStateDisk, FwRev=SBFQE1.2, SerialNo=SCRW20030706A15427 Disk 1 L-Geo from: GPT table, likely 1-MiB cylinders (GPT guard present in MBR) Disk 1 forcing : cylinders from 31130 to 244199 Disk 1 forcing : heads from 255 to 64 Disk 1 forcing : sectors from 63 to 32 L-Geo Disk 1 Cyl : 244199 H: 64 S:32 Bps:512 Size:0x1DCF3800 = 238.5 GiB S-Geo Disk 1 Cyl : 31130 H:255 S:63 Bps:512 Size:0x1DCEF91A = 238.5 GiB MBR crc 054b4eb9 : 0x0c8ca699 = DFSee generic bootcode, US-English, I13X DFSee Linux 16.7 : Executing: fdisk -r- -w- Command timestamp : Saturday 2020-10-10 22:53:14 +---+--+--+-----------------+--------+--------+-----------+----------------------------------------+-----------+ |ID |ux|Dr|Type, description|Format |Related |VolumeLabel|OS2-LVM/BM / GPT / Crypt / additional in| Size MiB | +--[/dev/sda GPT disk 1]--------+--------+-----------[Model=SPCCSolidState]-------------------+-----------+ |01 | | |Fsp + GPT hdr/pta|-- -- --|-- -- --|- - - - - -|Size 0x7de sectors | 1.0| |01 | 1| |EFI System (ESP)|FAT32 |mkfs.fat|ZD8P01ESP |ZD8P01 EFI System (ESP) | 320.0| |02 | 2| |Linux Swap |SWAP |LinuxV1 |SWAPSPACE2 |ZD8P02 Linux Swap | 1752.0| |03 | 3| |Linux Data |EXT2 |Linux |zd8p03res |ZD8P03 Linux reservation | 400.0| |04 | 4| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p04usrlc|ZD8P04 Linux /usr/local | 4000.0| |05 | 5| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p05home |ZD8P05 Linux /home | 6400.0| |06 | 6| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p06pub |ZD8P06 Linux /pub | 12600.0| |07 | 7| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p07stw |ZD8P07 openSUSE Tumbleweed | 8000.0| |08 | 8| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p08s150 |ZD8P08 openSUSE 15.0 | 8000.0| |09 | 9| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p09s151 |ZD8P09 openSUSE 15.1 | 8000.0| |10 |10| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p10deb10|ZD8P10 Debian 10 Buster | 8000.0| |11 |11| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p11s152 |ZD8P11 openSUSE 15.2 | 8000.0| |12 |12| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p12ub200|ZD8P12 Tubuntu 2004 Focal | 8000.0| |13 |13| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p13mint1|ZD8P13 LinuxMint 19 XFCE | 8000.0| |14 |14| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p14deb11|ZD8P14 Debian 11 Bullseye | 8000.0| |15 |15| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p15f32 |ZD8P15 Fedora 32 | 8000.0| |16 |16| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p16f33 |ZD8P16 Fedora 33 | 8000.0| |17 |17| |Linux Data |EXT4 |Linux |zd8p17ub180|ZD8P17 Tubuntu 1804 Bionic | 8000.0| |18 |18| |Linux Data |unknown |Linux | |New: Linux Data | 8000.0| |19 | | |Fsp + GPT pta/hdr|-- -- --|-- -- --|- - - - - -|Size 0xefb2a8f sectors | 122725.3| DFSee Linux 16.7 : Executing: part -n Command timestamp : Saturday 2020-10-10 22:53:19 +---+--+--+-----------------+----------+----------+-------------------+----------+-----------+ |ID |ux|Dr|Type, description|Begin Sect|End sector| Cylinder range | Sectors | Size MiB | +--[/dev/sda GPT disk 1]----------+----------+-------------------[Model=SPCCSolidState]-+ |01 | | |Fsp + GPT hdr/pta| 22| 7ff| 0 - 0| 7de| 1.0| |01 | 1| |EFI System (ESP)| 800| a07ff| 1 - 320| a0000| 320.0| |02 | 2| |Linux Swap | a0800| 40c7ff| 321 - 2072| 36c000| 1752.0| |03 | 3| |Linux Data | 40c800| 4d47ff| 2073 - 2472| c8000| 400.0| |04 | 4| |Linux Data | 4d4800| ca47ff| 2473 - 6472| 7d0000| 4000.0| |05 | 5| |Linux Data | ca4800| 19247ff| 6473 - 12872| c80000| 6400.0| |06 | 6| |Linux Data | 1924800| 31c07ff| 12873 - 25472| 189c000| 12600.0| |07 | 7| |Linux Data | 31c0800| 41607ff| 25473 - 33472| fa0000| 8000.0| |08 | 8| |Linux Data | 4160800| 51007ff| 33473 - 41472| fa0000| 8000.0| |09 | 9| |Linux Data | 5100800| 60a07ff| 41473 - 49472| fa0000| 8000.0| |10 |10| |Linux Data | 60a0800| 70407ff| 49473 - 57472| fa0000| 8000.0| |11 |11| |Linux Data | 7040800| 7fe07ff| 57473 - 65472| fa0000| 8000.0| |12 |12| |Linux Data | 7fe0800| 8f807ff| 65473 - 73472| fa0000| 8000.0| |13 |13| |Linux Data | 8f80800| 9f207ff| 73473 - 81472| fa0000| 8000.0| |14 |14| |Linux Data | 9f20800| aec07ff| 81473 - 89472| fa0000| 8000.0| |15 |15| |Linux Data | aec0800| be607ff| 89473 - 97472| fa0000| 8000.0| |16 |16| |Linux Data | be60800| ce007ff| 97473 - 105472| fa0000| 8000.0| |17 |17| |Linux Data | ce00800| dda07ff| 105473 - 113472| fa0000| 8000.0| |18 |18| |Linux Data | dda0800| ed407ff| 113473 - 121472| fa0000| 8000.0| |19 | | |Fsp + GPT pta/hdr| ed40800| 1dcf328e| 121473 - 244198| efb2a8f| 122725.3| 0x0800 = decimal 2048 X 512BPS = 1 MiB 8000 mebibytes = 8.39 gigabytes # parted -l Model: ATA SPCCSolidStateDi (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 256GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 337MB 336MB fat32 ZD8P01 EFI System (ESP) boot, esp 2 337MB 2174MB 1837MB linux-swap(v1) ZD8P02 Linux Swap swap 3 2174MB 2593MB 419MB ext2 ZD8P03 Linux reservation 4 2593MB 6787MB 4194MB ext4 ZD8P04 Linux /usr/local 5 6787MB 13.5GB 6711MB ext4 ZD8P05 Linux /home 6 13.5GB 26.7GB 13.2GB ext4 ZD8P06 Linux /pub 7 26.7GB 35.1GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P07 openSUSE Tumbleweed 8 35.1GB 43.5GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P08 openSUSE 15.0 9 43.5GB 51.9GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P09 openSUSE 15.1 10 51.9GB 60.3GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P10 Debian 10 Buster 11 60.3GB 68.7GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P11 openSUSE 15.2 12 68.7GB 77.0GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P12 Tubuntu 2004 Focal 13 77.0GB 85.4GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P13 LinuxMint 19 XFCE 14 85.4GB 93.8GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P14 Debian 11 Bullseye 15 93.8GB 102GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P15 Fedora 32 16 102GB 111GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P16 Fedora 33 17 111GB 119GB 8389MB ext4 ZD8P17 Tubuntu 1804 Bionic 18 119GB 127GB 8389MB ext3 ZD8P18 openSUSE 15.2.1 # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors Disk model: SPCCSolidStateDi Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: gpt Disk identifier: 5B330B05-5C88-4DF5-8359-67FF3E52CDC4 Device Start End Sectors Size Type /dev/sda1 2048 657407 655360 320M EFI System /dev/sda2 657408 4245503 3588096 1.7G Linux swap /dev/sda3 4245504 5064703 819200 400M Linux filesystem /dev/sda4 5064704 13256703 8192000 3.9G Linux filesystem /dev/sda5 13256704 26363903 13107200 6.3G Linux filesystem /dev/sda6 26363904 52168703 25804800 12.3G Linux filesystem /dev/sda7 52168704 68552703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda8 68552704 84936703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda9 84936704 101320703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda10 101320704 117704703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda11 117704704 134088703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda12 134088704 150472703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda13 150472704 166856703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda14 166856704 183240703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda15 183240704 199624703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda16 199624704 216008703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda17 216008704 232392703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda18 232392704 248776703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem # gdisk -l /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB Logical sector size: 512 bytes Disk identifier (GUID): 5B330B05-5C88-4DF5-8359-67FF3E52CDC4 Partition table holds up to 128 entries First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158 Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries Total free space is 251343469 sectors (119.8 GiB) Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name 1 2048 657407 320.0 MiB EF00 ZD8P01 EFI System (... 2 657408 4245503 1.7 GiB 8200 ZD8P02 Linux Swap 3 4245504 5064703 400.0 MiB 8300 ZD8P03 Linux reserv... 4 5064704 13256703 3.9 GiB 8300 ZD8P04 Linux /usr/l... 5 13256704 26363903 6.3 GiB 8300 ZD8P05 Linux /home 6 26363904 52168703 12.3 GiB 8300 ZD8P06 Linux /pub 7 52168704 68552703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P07 openSUSE Tum... 8 68552704 84936703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P08 openSUSE 15.0 9 84936704 101320703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P09 openSUSE 15.1 10 101320704 117704703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P10 Debian 10 Bu... 11 117704704 134088703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P11 openSUSE 15.2 12 134088704 150472703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P12 Tubuntu 2004... 13 150472704 166856703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P13 LinuxMint 19... 14 166856704 183240703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P14 Debian 11 Bu... 15 183240704 199624703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P15 Fedora 32 16 199624704 216008703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P16 Fedora 33 17 216008704 232392703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P17 Tubuntu 1804... 18 232392704 248776703 7.8 GiB 8300 ZD8P18 openSUSE 15.2.1 # lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 238.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 320M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 1.7G 0 part [SWAP] ├─sda3 8:3 0 400M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 3.9G 0 part /usr/local ├─sda5 8:5 0 6.3G 0 part /home ├─sda6 8:6 0 12.3G 0 part /pub ├─sda7 8:7 0 7.8G 0 part /disks/stw ├─sda8 8:8 0 7.8G 0 part /disks/s150 ├─sda9 8:9 0 7.8G 0 part /disks/s151 ├─sda10 8:10 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda11 8:11 0 7.8G 0 part / ├─sda12 8:12 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda13 8:13 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda14 8:14 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda15 8:15 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda16 259:0 0 7.8G 0 part ├─sda17 259:1 0 7.8G 0 part └─sda18 259:2 0 7.8G 0 part # cfdisk Disk: /dev/sda Size: 238.5 GiB, 256060514304 bytes, 500118192 sectors Label: gpt, identifier: 5B330B05-5C88-4DF5-8359-67FF3E52CDC4 Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 657407 655360 320M EFI System /dev/sda2 657408 4245503 3588096 1.7G Linux swap /dev/sda3 4245504 5064703 819200 400M Linux filesystem /dev/sda4 5064704 13256703 8192000 3.9G Linux filesystem /dev/sda5 13256704 26363903 13107200 6.3G Linux filesystem /dev/sda6 26363904 52168703 25804800 12.3G Linux filesystem /dev/sda7 52168704 68552703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda8 68552704 84936703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda9 84936704 101320703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda10 101320704 117704703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda11 117704704 134088703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda12 134088704 150472703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda13 150472704 166856703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda14 166856704 183240703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda15 183240704 199624703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda16 199624704 216008703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda17 216008704 232392703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem /dev/sda18 232392704 248776703 16384000 7.8G Linux filesystem Free space 248776704 500118158 251341455 119.9G ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Partition name: ZD8P01 EFI System (ESP) │ │ Partition UUID: 5B331D7F-9488-4DF5-9EED-C7250696B833 │ │ Partition type: EFI System (C12A7328-F81F-11D2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B) │ │ Filesystem UUID: 20A0-2A08 │ │Filesystem LABEL: ZD8P01ESP │ │ Filesystem: vfat │ └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
[ Delete ] [ Resize ] [ Quit ] [ Type ] [ Help ] [ Write ] [ Dump ] Quit program without writing changes</pre> </body> </html> -- Evolution as taught in public schools, like religion, is based on faith, not on science. Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks! Felix Miata *** http://fm.no-ip.com/ -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: opensuse+unsubscribe@opensuse.org To contact the owner, e-mail: opensuse+owner@opensuse.org