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Moin, On Fri, 11 Sep 2020, 02:35:39 +0200, tomas.kuchta.lists@gmail.com wrote:
[...] Thank you all for the suggestions - it is resolved by adding myself to audio group.
Great to hear!
[...] groups - adding self to audio group + logout/restart vnc/login made all the local audio devices visible to me in vncserver and the sound works.
It is complete mystery to me - how I could have had access to the sound devices without being audio group member from local graphical session.
Only root and audio group has access to the sound devices /dev/snd/* So, I should not have been able to make any sounds without the audio group membership:
ls -l /dev/snd/* crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 17 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/controlC0 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 4 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/controlC1 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 7 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/controlC2 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 15 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/hwC0D0 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 16 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/hwC0D2 crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 9 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0c crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 8 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 14 Sep 10 19:50 /dev/snd/pcmC0D10p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 10 Sep 10 19:50 /dev/snd/pcmC0D3p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 11 Sep 10 19:50 /dev/snd/pcmC0D7p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 12 Sep 10 19:50 /dev/snd/pcmC0D8p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 13 Sep 10 19:50 /dev/snd/pcmC0D9p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 3 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0c crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 2 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 6 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0c crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 5 Sep 10 19:51 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0p crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 1 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/seq crw-rw----+ 1 root audio 116, 33 Sep 10 19:18 /dev/snd/timer
If someone could explain this in a few sentences - I would really appreciate it.
Notice the + at the end of the permissions! It's an indication that those files have file ACLs assigned. I guess some udev rule is setting them up. To see the content of the ACL you can use 'getfacl': # getfacl /dev/snd/seq getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: dev/snd/seq # owner: root # group: audio user::rw- user:manfred:rw- group::rw- mask::rw- other::--- As you can see, the user logged in at the WS has been added with "rw" access even though the file is owned by root:audio.
Thanks again, Tomas
HTH, cheers. l8er manfred