Assuming that I ever get enough of KDE 3.1 onto my system, what needs to be changed in order for 3.1 to start, rather than 3.0.x?? Is it necessary to edit an X file (which one?) to point to a new version of kdm? Or is the apt-get update/upgrade process supposed to replace the earlier kdm with a newer version? I pointed at every repository that people have mentioned recently and told apt-get to get started. 18 hours later, it finished, with a summary that said (of 1100 packages...) the KDE3.1 packages had been "held back". So, I ran it again... and got some more additions (probably packages that had been added to repositories while my system was doing the big download), and still the KDE stuff was "held back". So, I got tired of that and fired up synaptic. Then I just kept pressing buttons until the program stopped complaining (i.e., fixing or removing broken packages), which eventually left the KDE3.1 stuff... and some more stray packages that had krept into the lists while I had been playing with synaptic. So, with no more complaints visible, I told synaptic to "Proceed". It did. A couple of hours later, it finished with an error message or two, but they did not seem to mention KDE3 packages specifically. So, I shut down and restarted. Old kdm came up. Hmm. I selected my normal login, selected "KDE" from the list, gave it my password and KDE... 3.0.x started. Well, it got as far as "Loading Desktop", and then just sat there. So, I opened a console ( [Ctrl][Alt][F1], went to run-level 3, went back to run-level 5, and started GNOME, instead. Gnome works fine, despite having had hundreds of its packages updated during the general assault. KDE does not. I even opened KMail in GNOME, and it worked. Where do I go from here? /kevin