Thanks! The stack trace is intentional to show the call site. The log indicates that the code path changing the group->domain is: amdgpu_pci_probe -> amdgpu_driver_load_kms -> amdgpu_device_init -> amdgpu_amdkfd_device_init -> kgd2kfd_device_init -> kgd2kfd_resume_iommu -> kfd_iommu_resume -> amd_iommu_init_device -> iommu_attach_group -> __iommu_attach_group that happens during AMDGPU driver probe. Afterwards, snd-hda-intel driver gets probed, but it fails because those audio PCI devices belong to the same IOMMU group as the AMD graphics PCI device, and the group->domain is no longer equal with group->default_domain.