In mysql: > mysql> ALTER TABLE sources CHANGE COLUMN src src VARCHAR(769) NOT NULL UNIQUE; > ERROR 1071 (42000): Specified key was too long; max key length is 3072 bytes The maximum length of UNIQUE column in mysql is 3072 bytes, i.e. 768 utf8mb4 chars. So if I do this in mariadb: > MariaDB [structs_66]> ALTER TABLE sources CHANGE COLUMN src src VARCHAR(768) NOT NULL UNIQUE; everything works. If I enlarge to 769, it breaks: > MariaDB [structs_66]> ALTER TABLE sources CHANGE COLUMN src src VARCHAR(769) NOT NULL UNIQUE;