Comment # 1 on bug 1213595 from Fabian Vogt

Confirmed, this is also visible in openQA:
https://openqa.opensuse.org/tests/3456098

[    9.243802] dracut-initqueue[882]: mount: /run/overlay/overlayfs: can't find
LABEL="cow".
[    9.254383] dracut-initqueue[887]: This disk is currently in use -
repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
[    9.254420] dracut-initqueue[887]: It's recommended to umount all file
systems, and swapoff all swap
[    9.254442] dracut-initqueue[887]: partitions on this disk.
[    9.254459] dracut-initqueue[887]: The device contains 'iso9660' signature
and it may remain on the device. It is recommended to wipe the device with
wipefs(8) or fdisk --wipe, in order to avoid possible collisions.
[    9.291225] dracut-initqueue[900]: mke2fs 1.46.4 (18-Aug-2021)
[    9.291387] dracut-initqueue[900]: /dev/sda3 is apparently in use by the
system; will not make a filesystem here!
[    9.291630] dracut-initqueue[813]: Warning: Failed to setup persistent write
space !
[    9.291667] dracut-initqueue[813]: Warning: Falling back to temporary
overlay

The test passes though because it doesn't (yet) verify persistence, only that
everything works.

Probably a bug in kiwi, I'll collect some info to confirm that.