Are you able to see the authentication dialog when you are installing/removing a package using pkcon, for example "pkcon install eog"? I'm assuming polkit-gnome wasn't able to pop up the authentication dialog somehow. To further debug this, change > Exec=/usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd --no-debug in /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.PolicyKit1.service to > Exec=/bin/sh -c 'G_MESSAGES_DEBUG=all /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd > /tmp/polkit-gnome.log 2>&1" restart the system if possible, reproduce this and check the content in /tmp/polkit-gnome.log.