There is a possibility that the spectre mitigations have something to do with all this, and or hyperthreading/smt. I tested my system on the impact of those mitigations. As a reference I used a mouse click on "Show applications" item on the gnome-shell menu, running wayland. Watching if the application icons transition smoothly from the corner into the main desktop area. Hardware: Dell XPS 13 9360 Snapshot 20181118 Kernel 4.19.2-1 My subjective results 1. boot with default kernel parameters Transition is barely noticeable, not smooth for sure 2. boot with kernel parameters: pti=off spectre_v2=off l1tf=off nospec_store_bypass_disable no_stf_barrier Transition is very smooth 3. boot with kernel parameters: spectre_v2=off Transition is smooth This parameter seems to have the biggest impact of all the tested parameters. Now I read about the new recently disclosed spectre v2 vulnerabilities and the STIBP mitigation. Some voices say that we might as well disable hyperthreading/smt instead of these new mitigations. 4. boot with default kernel parameters, and hyperthreading disabled in BIOS Transitions are smooth. For the moment I will leave all mitigations enabled and hyperthreading disabled. For the record, this is an Intel Kabylake cpu