I tried exactly the same files in /etc/sysconfig/network/ and with the same USB dongle as on my RPi1B on my RPi2B. On the RPi2B the network behaves as it should. I can ifup wlan0 and get access via ssh, even after ifdown eth0. I also see the proper MAC addresses in the ARP table on my desktop. After removing the file ifcfg-eth0 and a reboot, the wlan0 interface comes up and I have access via that interface. So the problem seems to be only related to the RPi1.