I tried the official x86-64 binaries from blender.org. Well, the Blender application found there, launched plain vanilla, crashes exactly in the same way. But in the official package I also found a blender-softwaregl script which starts Blender preloading custom libGL.so and libGLU.so libraries, which probably are just the Mesa software renderer. Launching this script Blender works fine. I guess there is some bug into the VMware software stack which provides OpenGL 3.1 acceleration to the Linux guest systems.