Comment # 20 on bug 1172056 from Martin Wilck

openat(AT_FDCWD, "/dev/nvme0n1", O_RDONLY) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)
write(2, "/usr/sbin/grub2-probe: warning:", 31/usr/sbin/grub2-probe: warning:)
= 31

You had a permission problem here. Running as ordinary user? Some apparmor or
other security stuff going on?