Thanks. As the logs are broken due to the unreliable clock on your system (the debug logs with printk.devkmsg=on showed that the system switched to rootfs twice !), I'm not 100% sure but I can't see any hints on systemd unmounting or remounting /var RO after leaving initrd. According to our private chat /var is mounted RW just before switching to rootfs. So either something in userspace unmount it or remount it RO. Can you replace /usr/bin/mount and /usr/bin/umount with wrappers that log any attempts to mount/remount/umount /var before doing the actual work in order to make sure that the issue leaves in userspace ?