I uploaded a btrfs-image dump of the broken file system to l3slave.suse.de:/space/mwilck/1037118/ (506MiB; partition size was 40963 MiB). Meanwhile I transferred the data except for older snapshots to a new btrfs volume because (not being sure how to recover from this situation) I wanted to avoid to be left with a totally corrupt file system, and unable to work. In the recovery process I made some minor write accesses to the file system, so the dumped state is not exactly the same as when this error first occured. While I tried to copy the data, I got thousands of errors like this because I'd forgotten to mount the volume with "noatime" or "ro": > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: ------------[ cut here ]------------ > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 577 at ../fs/btrfs/qgroup.c:2936 btrfs_qgroup_free_meta+0x89/0x90 [btrfs] > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: CPU: 1 PID: 577 Comm: rsync Tainted: G U 4.10.12-1-default #1 > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: Hardware name: Dell Inc. Latitude E7470/0T6HHJ, BIOS 1.9.4 08/26/2016 > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: Call Trace: > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: dump_stack+0x5c/0x7a > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: __warn+0xbe/0xe0 > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: btrfs_qgroup_free_meta+0x89/0x90 [btrfs] > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: start_transaction+0x3a5/0x4a0 [btrfs] > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: btrfs_dirty_inode+0x99/0xc0 [btrfs] > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: touch_atime+0x89/0xb0 > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: SyS_readlink+0xd9/0x110 > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1e/0xad > May 02 16:07:04 apollon.suse.de kernel: ---[ end trace 3a2f8149ed5137ab ]--- Another examination of the journal showed that the first occurence of this bug occured actually before today's update. The first one that's recorded was last week: > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: CPU: 0 PID: 702 Comm: systemd-journal Tainted: G U W 4.10.9-1-default #1 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: Hardware name: Dell Inc. Latitude E7470/0T6HHJ, BIOS 1.9.4 08/26/2016 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: Call Trace: > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: dump_stack+0x5c/0x7a > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: __warn+0xbe/0xe0 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: btrfs_qgroup_free_meta+0x89/0x90 [btrfs] > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: start_transaction+0x3a5/0x4a0 [btrfs] > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: btrfs_rename+0x184/0xd40 [btrfs] > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: vfs_rename+0x6ba/0x900 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: SyS_rename+0x3a6/0x3c0 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: do_syscall_64+0x57/0xc0 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: entry_SYSCALL64_slow_path+0x25/0x25 > Apr 24 21:16:54 apollon.suse.de kernel: ---[ end trace efd3cc31a94c61e4 ]--- However the update today was the first time that I noticed because this resulted in a fatal error of a user command (see comment 0). >From memory, I can't associate any relevant system configuration changes with this date (Apr 24 21:16) except that that was the first day I ran the 4.10.9-1-default kernel (updated from 4.10.8-1-default on 2017-04-23 21:34:01).