Comment # 17 on bug 1047598 from Thomas Blume

(In reply to Carmen Bianca Bakker from comment #13)
> A bit separate from the issue at hand, but wouldn't it make sense to use the
> UUID in /etc/crypttab instead of /dev/disk/by-id?  After all, UUID is used
> in /etc/fstab as well.

The UUID is a file system property.
Using the UUID in crypttab would require that the system in able to read it
from the encrypted device.
Not sure whether this is possible.

Please attach the output of:

udevadm info -e

and:

udevadm test --action=add /block/nvme3

In addition, could you please do the following test?
If your systemd has a file:

/lib/udev/rules.d/60-persistent-storage-compat.rules

edit it and comment out all rules referring to nvme devices.
You will need to rebuild the initrd in order to sync the changed rules there.
Does that change the behavior?