I just tried booting the (recovery mode) variant of the 6.2.9-1-default kernel and, guess what, it booted without any issues. When the retbleed stuff became available I then added "mitigations=auto spectre_v2=retpoline retbleed=stuff" to my /etc/default/grub and forgot about it... FWIW, I didn't do that on Leap 15.4 which is why the kernel there booted successfully. I now removed these boot parameters on all my systems and everything works again. BUT, this means that the "retbleed stuff" is buggy in 6.2.9!