Comment # 5 on bug 1214600 from Gary Ching-Pang Lin

It's likely that the initrd in the installation system exceeds the memory
reserved by the UEFI firmware.

To deal with different systems, the initrd of the installation system is
usually much larger than the normal one. When grub2 measures the files, due to
the requirement of TPM measurement, it has to load the entire file into the
memory. Some UEFI firmware only initializes a portion of the memory, probably
for the fast boot, and it may not provide enough space for the large initrd.

As a workaround, you could disable TPM during installation and enable it again
later to circumvent the memory issue.