The USB xHCI controller hardware (VIA VL805) used in the RPIs is known to be broken under certain conditions and needs some quirks from the kernel driver side to work properly: https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/issues/3060 https://github.com/raspberrypi/bookworm-feedback/issues/83 https://www.rtl-sdr.com/raspberry-pi-4-usb-bug-experienced-with-rtl-sdrs-now-fixed-with-kernel-update/ https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/pull/5642 Besides that you should always check if your setup always has enough power -> check your power supply.