Comment # 6 on bug 1175908 from Takashi Iwai

(In reply to Harald Koenig from comment #4)
> I found this report for a very similar problem with Fedora,
> unfortuneately it's very unspecific about it's solution
> ("removing all software which had been installed from standalone rpm files"
> is not really an option for my system;)
> 
> https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/576828/fedora-31-kernels-5-5-10-and-
> 5-5-11-fail-when-trying-to-decrypt-luks-root-filesy
> 
> BUT it'd limit the problems to somewhere betweeh 5.5.8 and 5.5.10-200.fc31

Well, it said the problem being between 5.5.8 and 5.5.10, while you verified
that 5.4.14 also failed.  So it's not directly relevant, but hitting a similar
problem.

As the error message shows, something odd happening in the systemd-cryptsetup,
so now reassigned to systemd guys for diagnose.  It might be a kernel issue in
the end, but let's analyze from user-space side at first.