FWIW: -j, --jobs[=NR_JOBS] run N jobs in parallel [default to number of online processors + 10%] But how many? The build logs show -smp 12 for i586 and 4 for arm and they still fail. 12 gives 13, 4 gives 4, 160 gives 176. If I use -j32 on my machine, it indeed fails. So I updated the docker image accordingly. Maybe we should just use -j1 (or no -j at all) on 32bit as with pahole < 122. See scripts/Makefile.btf: pahole-flags-$(call test-ge, $(pahole-ver), 122) += -j (Or disable btf on 32bit completely.)