"What happens if you do rmdir /mnt/chroot after unplug, but before replug?" Bad things happen. Commands first, then journal entries follow: > sudo umount -v -R /mnt/chroot umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/kernel/security unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/fs/cgroup (cgroup2) unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/fs/pstore unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/firmware/efi/efivars unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/fs/bpf (bpf) unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/kernel/debug unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/kernel/tracing (tracefs) unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/fs/fuse/connections (fusectl) unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys/kernel/config unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot/sys unmounted umount: /mnt/chroot unmounted Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC sudo[3031]: gene : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/gene ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/umount -v -R /mnt/chroot Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC sudo[3031]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=1000) Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC sudo[3031]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-fs-bpf.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-firmware-efi-efivars.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-fs-pstore.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-fs-cgroup.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-kernel-security.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-kernel-config.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-kernel-tracing.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys-kernel-debug.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot-sys.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:27 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: mnt-chroot.mount: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:32 Mobile-PC chronyd[1118]: Selected source 162.159.200.1 (2.opensuse.pool.ntp.org) Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC kernel: usb 2-1: USB disconnect, device number 2 Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: Stopping Sabrent-Samsung temperature monitor daemon, started by udev rule... Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: Sabrent-Samsung-tempd.service: Deactivated successfully. Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC systemd[1]: Stopped Sabrent-Samsung temperature monitor daemon, started by udev rule. Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronizing SCSI cache Jul 07 16:50:36 Mobile-PC kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sdb] Synchronize Cache(10) failed: Result: hostbyte=DID_ERROR driverbyte=DRIVER_OK > sudo rmdir /mnt/chroot Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC sudo[3070]: gene : TTY=pts/1 ; PWD=/home/gene ; USER=root ; COMMAND=/usr/bin/rmdir /mnt/chroot Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC sudo[3070]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=1000) Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 1, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 2, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 3, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 4, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 5, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 6, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 7, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 8, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 9, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2): bdev /dev/sdb2 errs: wr 0, rd 10, flush 0, corrupt 0, gen 0 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS: error (device sdb2: state A) in add_to_free_space_tree:1051: errno=-5 IO failure Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS info (device sdb2: state EA): forced readonly Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS: error (device sdb2: state EA) in do_free_extent_accounting:2874: errno=-5 IO failure Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS: error (device sdb2: state EA) in btrfs_run_delayed_refs:2151: errno=-5 IO failure Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS warning (device sdb2: state EA): Skipping commit of aborted transaction. Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS: error (device sdb2: state EA) in cleanup_transaction:1982: errno=-5 IO failure Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC kernel: BTRFS error (device sdb2: state EA): commit super ret -5 Jul 07 16:50:49 Mobile-PC sudo[3070]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user root The kernel BTRFS driver is very confused at this point. Gene