There's a gdb feature (since v7.10, 2015) that allows to set a catchpoint using
a regexp.

There's a limitation mentioned in the docs (
https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb/Set-Catchpoints.html#Set-Catchpoints
):
...
The regular expression feature and the $_exception convenience variable rely on
the presence of some SDT probes in libstdc++. If these probes are not present,
then these features cannot be used. These probes were first available in the
GCC 4.8 release, but whether or not they are available in your GCC also depends
on how it was built.
...

AFAICT, on my Leap 15.0 system, libstdc++.so does not have these SDT probes,
which is why I ran into this (
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=24830 ) gdb testsuite failure.