I randomly decided to google parts of my dmesg output. I was surprised to discover that someone else has reported a very similar issue, which looks like it might have the same root as mine! https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=101325 The dmesg output their provided almost perfectly matches my last log, and they also have a RadeonSI card which further narrows down the problem. The main difference is that they experience this with Unreal Engine 4 Editor, whereas for me the trigger is the Plasma desktop. That report seems to contain a fair amount of logs, so hopefully bringing it and this together can help produce a solution at long last.