Mailinglist Archive: opensuse (2532 mails)

[Sandy Drobic <suse-linux-e@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>]

David C. Rankin wrote:
> Listmates:
>
>     I don't know who I have to thank for this, but I think it was Anders 
> who recommended that I look at perl after one of my last weird bash 
> questions. I have a syntax question as I go though perl.
>
>     The situation. I read a file into an array and then go to reference 
> each line.
>
> my $NUM = 1;
> open FILE, ".bashrc" or die $!;
> my @array = <FILE>;

So far okay.

>     How is it legal that I can reference the array element either as 
> @array[element] or $array[element]?:

How did you come to that conclusion?!?

> while (@array[$NUM]) {
>     print "$NUM : @array[$NUM]\n";
>     $NUM++;
> }
>
> while ($array[$NUM]) {
>     print "$NUM : $array[$NUM]\n";
>     $NUM++;
> }

No, the output is definitely not what you want. The answer comes if you follow 
best practice and insert the following lines at the top of your script:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

These three lines should be the very first thing you ever write in every perl 
script.

>     From what I've read, it seems like the list $array[element] would 
> just return the number of characters in the list $array[element] not the 
> text itself. How should I think about this?

 ./perltest.pl
Scalar value @array[$NUM] better written as $array[$NUM] at ./perltest.pl line 
12.
Scalar value @array[$NUM] better written as $array[$NUM] at ./perltest.pl line 
13.

The "use warnings;" gives you the message above. Perl is just lenient in this 
case, though the output is not what you would expect:


1 @: Id:a, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.000, Curwin=0

2 @: Def        fieldscur=AEHIOQTWKNMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX

3 @:    winflags=30009, sortindx=10, maxtasks=0

4 @:    summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1

5 @: Job        fieldscur=ABcefgjlrstuvyzMKNHIWOPQDX

6 @:    winflags=62777, sortindx=0, maxtasks=0

7 @:    summclr=6, msgsclr=6, headclr=7, taskclr=6

8 @: Mem        fieldscur=ANOPQRSTUVbcdefgjlmyzWHIKX

9 @:    winflags=62777, sortindx=13, maxtasks=0

10 @:   summclr=5, msgsclr=5, headclr=4, taskclr=5

11 @: Usr       fieldscur=ABDECGfhijlopqrstuvyzMKNWX

12 @:   winflags=62777, sortindx=4, maxtasks=0

13 @:   summclr=3, msgsclr=3, headclr=2, taskclr=3


You see that the while loop is executed 13 times, and the first line is 
missing because the first array element is referenced as $array[0], not $array[1].

This is what you probably want:

foreach my $array_element ( @array) {
        print $array_element;


RCfile for "top with windows"           # shameless braggin'
Id:a, Mode_altscr=0, Mode_irixps=1, Delay_time=3.000, Curwin=0
Def     fieldscur=AEHIOQTWKNMbcdfgjplrsuvyzX
        winflags=30009, sortindx=10, maxtasks=0
        summclr=1, msgsclr=1, headclr=3, taskclr=1
Job     fieldscur=ABcefgjlrstuvyzMKNHIWOPQDX
        winflags=62777, sortindx=0, maxtasks=0
        summclr=6, msgsclr=6, headclr=7, taskclr=6
Mem     fieldscur=ANOPQRSTUVbcdefgjlmyzWHIKX
        winflags=62777, sortindx=13, maxtasks=0
        summclr=5, msgsclr=5, headclr=4, taskclr=5
Usr     fieldscur=ABDECGfhijlopqrstuvyzMKNWX
        winflags=62777, sortindx=4, maxtasks=0
        summclr=3, msgsclr=3, headclr=2, taskclr=3

The number of elements are given by $#array.



#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;

open FILE, ".toprc" or die $!;
my @array = <FILE>;

print "Number of elements in array: " . eval($#array + 1) . "\n";

my $NUM = 0;

while ($NUM < $#array + 1) {
        print "$NUM : $array[$NUM]";
        $NUM++;
}

# alternative, much better suited for arrays:

$NUM = 0;
foreach my $array_element ( @array) {
        print "$NUM : $array_element";
        $NUM++;
}

Though in this case $NUM is just superfluous. The most simple and effective is:

foreach my $array_element ( @array) {
        print $array_element;
}

--
Sandy

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